Church
Tempietto in San Pietro
"The Tempietto in the cloister of San Pietro in
Montorio was built by Bramanate after 1502, on the commission of the Spanish
monarchs, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. The emphasis here is on
the harmony of proportions, the simplicity of volumes (cylinder, hemisphere)
and the sobriety of the Doric Order. The circular plan symbolizes divine
perfection. Inspired by ancient temples, the Tempietto is both a homage to
antiquity and a Christian memorial."
— Mitchell Beazley. The World Atlas of Architecture. p276.
The work was funded by the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel of
Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, as a monument commemorating the martyrdom of
Saint Peter. Donato Bramante was the greatest exponent of the classical
architecture of the High Renaissance. Despite its simplicity and small size,
has had great influence on later works, from the same San Pedro del Bramante,
to Saint Paul's Cathedral in London designed by Wren in the late seventeenth
century. Built in the courtyard of the Church eponymous square. Situated with
their free side and stands alone on a high platform. The original draft
included a circular patio that was not done.
The building has a memorial, intended to exalt the figure of
Saint Peter as the Roman Pontiff. The circular building is the figure that
evokes the reality of the divine cosmos (Creation) and the conceptual
expression of the "Sacred" and represented the ideal city of Plato. The
architecture tends to characterize the trend of eliminating unnecessary and
decorative items and also finding a monumentality that is based on simplicity
and harmony, the essence of architecture of ancient Rome, which is represented
in works such as the Colosseum and the theater Marcelo and which is also based
on architectural theory of S. XV by Alberti.
The meaning of the three bodies: The Crypt: (underground)
which is the old church of the Roman catacombs, the chapel, the church militant
and the top of the dome, the church triumphant, the glory of God. The building
consists of a small circular Cella surrounding the hole opened in the rock
where Christian tradition places the crucifixion of the first pope. Cella is
formed by 16 Doric columns perípteras order, argue that the entablature frieze
has triglyphs and metopes, and is crowned by a balustrade. The cylinder takes
over the balustrade of a drum with open windows or blinded with shells of
gallons, and ends in an area with a hemispherical dome and cross.
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